Phân biệt cookie, cache và session? Đây thật sự là một câu hỏi luôn được đặt ra khi các bạn đi phỏng vấn ở các công ty.Nếu bạn còn đang băn khoăn thì đây là bài viết giúp bạn giải quyết vấn đề trên.Trước khi tôi đi vào giải quyết câu hỏi phân biệt giữa cookie, cache và session thì đầu tiên chúng ta sẽ điểm qua về định nghĩa.
Cookie là gì?
Cookie là một phần nhỏ thông tin được lưu trữ trên máy tính của bạn bởi một trang web bạn truy cập. Mỗi khi người dùng tải trang web, trình duyệt sẽ gửi cookie trở lại máy chủ để thông báo cho trang web về hoạt động trước đó của người dùng. Cookie có một khoảng thời gian nhất định do những người sáng tạo của họ xác định. Cookie thường theo dõi thông tin như tần suất người dùng ghé thăm, thời gian truy cập, những gì đã được nhấp vào biểu ngữ, nhấp vào nút nào, sở thích của người dùng, các mục trong giỏ hàng, v.v. Điều này cho phép trang web hiển thị cho bạn thông tin tùy chỉnh Phù hợp với nhu cầu của bạn. Cookie thường được sử dụng để lưu trữ thông tin cần thiết cho thời kỳ ngắn hơn.
Cache là gì?
Bộ nhớ cache web (hoặc bộ nhớ cache HTTP) là một công nghệ thông tin để lưu trữ tạm thời (lưu trữ) các tài liệu web, chẳng hạn như các trang và hình ảnh HTML, để giảm tải băng thông, tải máy chủ và tụt hậu. Một hệ thống lưu trữ web lưu trữ bản sao các tài liệu đi qua nó; Các yêu cầu tiếp theo có thể được thỏa mãn từ bộ nhớ cache nếu đáp ứng các điều kiện nhất định. Hệ thống bộ nhớ cache web có thể tham chiếu đến thiết bị hoặc phần mềm. Ví dụ: khi bạn mở các trang web có hình ảnh và video lớn, có thể mất một thời gian để tải trang web. Trình duyệt web lưu trữ nội dung trang web như hình ảnh, video, âm thanh, vv trên máy tính của bạn. Vì vậy, lần tiếp theo bạn tải cùng một trang web, bạn sẽ thấy nó tải nhanh hơn.
Session là gì?
Session được lưu trữ ở phía máy chủ không phải trong máy của người dùng. Một phiên có sẵn miễn là mở trình duyệt. Người dùng không thể bị vô hiệu hóa phiên. Chúng ta có thể lưu trữ không chỉ chuỗi mà còn các đối tượng trong phiên.
Vấn đề chính của phiên làm việc là ngay khi đóng trình duyệt thì sẽ mất phiên làm việc và tất cả các thông tin đều bị mất.
Bây giờ chúng ta hãy so sánh,phân biệt giữa Cache và Cookies
Mặc dù cookie và bộ nhớ cache là hai cách để lưu trữ dữ liệu trên máy của khách hàng, nhưng có sự khác biệt giữa bộ nhớ cache và cookie và chúng phục vụ các mục đích khác nhau.
Cookie được sử dụng để lưu trữ thông tin để theo dõi các đặc điểm khác nhau liên quan đến người dùng, trong khi bộ nhớ cache được sử dụng để làm cho việc tải các trang web nhanh hơn.
Các cookie lưu trữ thông tin như sở thích của người dùng, trong khi bộ nhớ cache sẽ giữ các tập tin tài nguyên như tệp âm thanh, video hoặc flash.
Thông thường, cookie hết hạn sau một thời gian, nhưng bộ nhớ cache được giữ trong máy của khách hàng cho đến khi người dùng gỡ bỏ nó bằng tay.
Sự khác biệt chính giữa Cookie và Session:
| Cookie | Session |
| Cookie được lưu trữ trên trình duyệt của người dùng. | Số phiên không được lưu trữ trong trình duyệt của người dùng. |
| Dữ liệu cookie được lưu trữ ở phía máy khách. | Dữ liệu session được lưu trữ ở phía máy chủ. |
| Dữ liệu cookie dễ dàng sửa đổi khi chúng được lưu trữ ở phía khách hàng. | Dữ liệu phiên không dễ dàng sửa đổi vì chúng được lưu trữ ở phía máy chủ. |
| Dữ liệu cookie có sẵn trong trình duyệt của chúng ta đến khi hết hạn. | Dữ liệu phiên có sẵn cho trình duyệt chạy. Sau khi đóng trình duyệt sẽ mất thông tin phiên. |
Ví dụ về bộ nhớ cache,cookie và session
Một ví dụ nhỏ để phân biệt sự khác biệt giữa bộ nhớ cache và cookie,session. Giả sử bạn truy cập trang web mua sắm để tìm kiếm hoặc mua một đôi giày. Bạn kiểm tra một số đôi giày của thương hiệu khác nhau hoặc mua đôi các sản phẩm vào giỏ hàng. Sau đó, bạn mua hoặc rời khỏi trang web mà không thanh toán. Và bây giờ bạn duyệt qua bất kỳ trang web nào khác, cho dù đó là trang web tin tức hay bất kỳ trang nào khác có phục vụ quảng cáo. Bạn sẽ nhận thấy rằng tất cả các sản phẩm bạn đã tìm kiếm hoặc mua thì các quảng cáo liên quan đến các sản phẩm đó bạn sẽ thấy. Đôi khi nó có thể là sản phẩm khác nhau từ một trang web khác nhau hoặc cùng một sản phẩm từ cùng một trang web. Điều này được thực hiện nhờ sự giúp đỡ của cookie.
Bây giờ chúng ta hãy kiểm tra vai trò của các cookie trong đó. Cookie để lưu trữ thông tin về lịch sử duyệt web của bạn. Trong trường hợp này, nó sẽ lưu trữ trang web bạn đã duyệt và loại sản phẩm bạn tìm kiếm. Thông tin đó hiện giúp các nhà quảng cáo hiển thị cho bạn cùng một sản phẩm hoặc sản phẩm có liên quan trong quảng cáo của họ.
Vai trò của bộ nhớ cache trong ví dụ này là để lưu trữ hình ảnh của các sản phẩm mà bạn đã duyệt và các nguồn web khác. Bây giờ, khi bạn truy cập lại trang web đó hoặc sản phẩm trang hoặc hình ảnh sẽ tải nhanh hơn.
Với Session thì nó thường dùng để thực hiện các chức năng như đăng nhập,lưu thông tin của giỏ hàng mua sắm trên các trang web.
Đó là tất cả về sự khác biệt giữa bộ nhớ cache, cookie và session. Hãy để lại câu hỏi của bạn nếu có trong nhận xét. Nếu bạn thích bài viết này, xin vui lòng chia sẻ nó.
ngôn ngữ này học trong bao lâu thì làm được việc hả admin ơi?
Cảm ơn ad nhưng ad cho mình hỏi là khi nào thì session tự động bị hủy. Mình đọc thì trên một vài trang khác thì session bị hủy khi người dùng thoát khỏi trình duyệt, nhưng một số comment khác thì cho rằng session bị hủy khi đến thời gian timeout. Rất mong ad giải đáp.
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